AFP-It took just a few minutes inside the offices of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in the mountain village to figure out who was their leader.
Ronahi Ahmed was in charge, and
the men in the room immediately deferred to the stern-faced woman with
long curly hair and an unexpectedly brilliant smile.
Although ostensibly a
member of the civilian political wing of the PKK, Ahmed still had a
pistol at her belt, a reminder of her days as a guerrilla leader.
In a part of the world
known for the subordination of women, nowhere do females play a greater
role than in the ranks of this Kurdish movement in the rugged mountains
of northern Iraq.
Once Marxist but now
saying it is committed to peaceful and democratic change, the PKK
retains a quasi-military structure that gives its own brand of feminism
a distinctly martial cast.
"When a woman leaves her
home and picks up a rifle it is no small thing -- it is a social
revolution," said Arshem Kurman, a hardened guerrilla and lecturer at
one of the movement's schools where women's rights are taught.
"We are opening the eyes
of Kurdish society," she added, explaining how female fighters in the
PKK symbolize women's empowerment among her people.
With their camps in the
mountains and an emphasis on education and equality, the PKK aims to
offer an alternative model for Kurdish and Middle Eastern women.
Their struggle is
constant, admit the women activists and guerrillas, not only in wider
society but also among their fellow fighters who themselves do not
always reflect the movement's progressive attitudes.
"That is the importance
of martyrdom -- it gives our cause weight," said Kurman, adding that
female losses in battle and suicide bombings by women have forced men
in the movement to take them seriously.
"Women are dying every
day, so what better way to send a message?" she said, and described how
one Kurdish woman killed more than 50 Turkish soldiers in a suicide
attack in the 1990s.
During that decade the
PKK launched 15 suicide attacks -- 11 of them by women. But in 1999,
after Turkey jailed PKK founder Abdullah Ocalan, the movement announced
its commitment to a peaceful solution.
In February this year an
Iraqi Kurd from Sulaimaniyah set herself on fire near the Turkish-Iraqi
border in protest at Turkish treatment of the Kurds. Posters of Vian
Jaf can now be found in many of the movement's buildings.
PKK leader Cemil Bayik
stressed that the leadership did not want to encourage such actions,
however.
"We are not saying the
action was right and we criticize it openly, but as you are aware,
emotion in the Kurdish people is running very high," he said at his
headquarters in the Qandil mountains. "The Kurdish people respect her
actions."
Bayik also displays a
poster of Vian Jaf on the wall of his room.
Gaining respect and
equality in the male-dominated societies of the Middle East is not
easy, PKK women said.
"A woman can't stand up
and talk in such a society," said Reha Baran, an administrator at the
school -- a cluster of stone huts in the mountains.
"For example, in Kurdish
society men are the only ones allowed to speak. If a husband is not
home, then it is the eldest son, regardless of his age.
"Because of the
backwardness of society, women have been pushed to the margins," she
added. "Our aim is to return them to the center of daily life and
society."
Female activists and
guerrilla leaders converge from all over the Kurdish regions to study
at this school and learn how women were deprived of their rights and
what can be done to regain them.
They then take these
ideas back to their villages and units and spread them throughout
Kurdish society.
Cahide, who as a
guerrilla goes by just the one name, travels to Kurdish towns and
villages to try to present a different social model to these
traditional societies.
"They look at women as
weak and when we go there they don't take us seriously," she said. "But
as time passes, you stay and talk and start to put across your ideas...
they look at you more seriously and start to listen."
Cahide admitted that
they have to be careful not to alienate her audience, however.
"When I go to a village
I know there are red lines. You have to know these people and their
culture and how much they can handle," she said.
The young female PKK
guerrillas feel that their lives, in which they carry weapons alongside
men in a struggle for Kurdish identity, are still vastly superior to
what they would have lived had they stayed in their villages.
As the sun set on a
hillside overlooked by the towering snowcapped bulk of Mount Qandil, a
dozen female guerrillas aged between 15 and 21 sat in the grass
drinking tea.
They all laughed when
asked if they had not preferred to stay at home and bear children
rather than arms, universally shaking their heads.
"Women in these families
are forbidden from learning, forbidden from leaving," said Rojbin
Hajjar, a Kurd originally from Syria.
In some cases,
especially in Iran, guerrillas have helped unhappy girls run away from
their families to join the PKK, Hajjar added.
"We are not just an
example for the women of the Middle East but for women the world over,"
added rebel commander Sozdar Serbiliz.
28.11.2006
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